Barriers to the implementation of a gender-sensitive, child-centred and conflict-sensitive approach in the identification, documentation, tracing, rehabilitation and reintegration (IDTRR) of child sexual exploitation survivors in Zimbabwe

Abstract

Despite the existence of a formal identification, documentation, tracing, rehabilitation and reintegration (IDTRR) framework for addressing child abuse cases, implementation in Zimbabwe remains fraught with systemic and structural barriers. This study explored the lived experiences of social workers engaged in IDTRR to understand the obstacles to implementing a gender-centred, child-centred and conflict-sensitive approach towards child exploitation survivors. Using a descriptive phenomenological design grounded in Husserlian philosophy, the study relied on semi-structured interviews with 13 purposively selected social workers from both government and non-governmental organisations operating in Caledonia, Epworth and Hopley in Zimbabwe. Data were analysed in two phases: initial theme identification using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022, followed by collaborative meaning construction using Giorgi’s phenomenological method. Four core themes emerged: (1) systemic workforce deficits and the absence of gendered, child-centred and conflict-aware practice; (2) exclusion of children from decision-making; (3) fragmented inter-agency coordination in fragile political contexts; and (4) stigma and social rejection as barriers to reintegration. These findings reveal deep-rooted structural violence and institutional mistrust that compromise child protection efforts. The study recommends five targeted reforms: mandatory training in gender-sensitive and trauma-informed care, institutionalised child participation protocols, establishment of district-level coordination hubs, community-based stigma reduction initiatives, and a national IDTRR monitoring dashboard.